Why is the first layer special?

The first layer must stick firmly to the build plate while establishing a flat, consistent foundation. Settings that work for upper layers often cause poor adhesion on the first layer.

Should the first layer be thicker than other layers?

Usually yes. A thicker first layer (150% of normal) compensates for minor bed levelling imperfections and provides a wider squish for better adhesion. Do not exceed 75% of nozzle diameter.

How slow should the first layer be?

Typically 50% of normal speed (20-30 mm/s). Slower speed gives more time for adhesion and reduces the chance of the nozzle dragging the print loose.

What does first layer flow percentage mean?

Slight over-extrusion (105-110%) on the first layer ensures the filament is firmly pressed into the build surface. Too much causes elephant foot; too little causes lifting.

3DPrintCalcs

First Layer Calculator — Perfect Bed Adhesion

Calculate optimal first layer height, width and speed for strong bed adhesion.

Nozzle Diameter

Normal Layer Height

Normal Speed

How We Calculate This

Recommendations

First layer height = min(Normal height x 1.5, Nozzle x 0.75)
First layer width = Nozzle x 1.2 (wider for better squish)
First layer speed = Normal speed x 0.5
First layer flow = 105% (slight over-extrusion)

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Calculators

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Estimate material usage and print time for different infill percentages and patterns.

Wall Thickness Calculator

Calculate wall thickness from number of perimeters and nozzle/line width.

Print Time Estimator

Estimate total print time from layer count, speed and travel moves.

Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are estimates. Always verify settings with test prints before committing to final prints.